本文讲述如何用 JDBC 的 PreparedStatement 在 MySQL 的表中插入(或者说添加、增加)数据。插入数据用INSERT。
数据库和表设计
-- 创建数据库
CREATE DATABASE `bank`;
-- 切换到 bank 库
USE `bank`;
-- 创建表
CREATE TABLE `user_balance` (
`id` BIGINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT ,
`name` VARCHAR(45) NOT NULL ,
`balance` BIGINT NOT NULL ,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
)
ENGINE = InnoDB
DEFAULT CHARACTER SET = utf8mb4
COLLATE = utf8mb4_general_ci;
JDBC PreparedStatement插入数据
下面的代码示例中给出了两个方法insertV1
和insertV2
,都能插入数据,不过insertV2
比 insertV1
多了一个获取插入数据主键 ID 的特性。
package demo;
import java.sql.*;
/**
* 使用 PreparedStatement 查询(添加、增加)数据
*/
public class PreparedStatementInsert {
private static final String USER = "root";
private static final String PASSWORD = "123456";
private static final String JDBC_DRIVER = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";
private static final String DB_URL = "jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/bank";
public static void insertV1(String name, Long balance) throws ClassNotFoundException, SQLException {
Class.forName(JDBC_DRIVER);
Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(DB_URL, USER, PASSWORD);
PreparedStatement pstmt = null;
try {
pstmt = conn.prepareStatement("INSERT INTO user_balance(name, balance) VALUES(?, ?)");
pstmt.setString(1, name);
pstmt.setLong(2, balance);
int affectRowsNum = pstmt.executeUpdate();
System.out.println("影响的行数:" + affectRowsNum);
} finally {
if (pstmt != null) {
pstmt.close();
}
conn.close();
}
}
public static void insertV2(String name, Long balance) throws ClassNotFoundException, SQLException {
Class.forName(JDBC_DRIVER);
Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(DB_URL, USER, PASSWORD);
PreparedStatement pstmt = null;
try {
// 指定第2个参数为Statement.RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS,可以获取生成的主键id值
pstmt = conn.prepareStatement("INSERT INTO user_balance(name, balance) VALUES(?, ?)", Statement.RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS);
pstmt.setString(1, name);
pstmt.setLong(2, balance);
int affectRowsNum = pstmt.executeUpdate();
System.out.println("影响的行数:" + affectRowsNum);
try (ResultSet generatedKeys = pstmt.getGeneratedKeys()) {
if (generatedKeys.next()) {
System.out.println("生成的主键ID是:" + generatedKeys.getLong(1));
}
}
} finally {
if (pstmt != null) {
pstmt.close();
}
conn.close();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException, ClassNotFoundException {
insertV1("letian", 1000L);
insertV2("xiaosi", 1001L);
}
}
运行后输出:
影响的行数:1
影响的行数:1
生成的主键ID是:2
在 mysql 命令行中查询表中数据:
mysql> select * from user_balance;
+----+--------+---------+
| id | name | balance |
+----+--------+---------+
| 1 | letian | 1000 |
| 2 | xiaosi | 1001 |
+----+--------+---------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)